Climate -COP21 Paris updates from Nature

"Momentum builds for a new treaty as world leaders prepare
to descend on Paris." 

"The road to a new global climate treaty
has been slow and plodding. But years
of delicate negotiations have given way
to cautious optimism as more than 190 nations
prepare for the marathon climate talks that
begin in Paris on 30 November."

writes JEFF TOLLEFSON 

REF:

Pledges raise hopes ahead of climate talks (pdf)

 418 | NATURE | VOL 527 | 26 NOVEMBER 2015



AND



First tranche of aid projects prompts concern over operations of fund for developing nations. (pdf)



writes  SANJAY KUMAR in the same volume;

REF: 26 NOVEMBER 2015 | VOL 527 | NATURE | 419.



'via Blog this'

Renewables key in race against climate change clock by Phys.Org's M.Hood.

"Any plausible game plan for capping the rise of Earth's surface temperature depends on replacing fossil fuels with energy sources that generate little or no carbon pollution." writes Marlowe Hood in Phys Org November 1, 2015.


India's commitment on RHS-->>
so please read on...

Hood quoting reliable sources continues:

"That means renewables, especially solar and wind, both of which face fewer constraints to growth than more established clean energy: a river can be dammed only so many times, and nuclear remains expensive and controversial.

But humanity has dithered for so long in the fight against global warming, experts say, that the window of opportunity for decarbonising the global economy fast enough to avoid devastating climate change is barely ajar.

"The cost and difficulty of mitigating greenhouse gases increases every year, time is of the essence," Maria van der Hoeven, executive director of the International Energy Agency, said in a special IEA report on energy and climate change released earlier this year.

The world's nations -– gathering in Paris in a month to ink the first-ever universal climate pact—have set a target of limiting global warming to two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels.

Cross that red line, scientists say, and there will, almost literally, be hell to pay.

Science also tells us that, if we are to respect the 2 C limit, future greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed a total "budget" of about 1,000 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.

Carbon-cutting pledges from nearly 150 nations, unveiled on Friday, put us on track for a 3 C world.

This is a vast improvement on doing nothing. But even this unprecedented effort would use up three quarters of that carbon budget by 2030, leaving very little margin for closing the remaining gap. That's where the transition from fossil fuels to renewables comes in

President Obama is quoted as follows "Energy production accounts for two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions, and thus transformation of this sector is crucial", he and other experts said.
OTHER IMPORTANT SOURCES QUOTED:
"According to the UN climate science body, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), low-carbon energy must account for at least 80 percent of global electricity production by 2050 to have a better-than-even chance of staying under the 2 C threshold".
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-11-renewables-key-climate-clock.html#jCp

Renewables key in race against climate change clock: "Renewables key in race against climate change clock"

ENCOURAGEMENT  from SUMMAT LEVEL: US President Obama see image

US President Barack Obama speaks with Commander Col Ronald Jolly as he tours a solar array at Hill Air Force Base in Utah

"Decarbonising energy is probably the quickest way to decarbonise the world," Adnan Amin, director general of the International Renewable Energies Agency.

The good news is that renewables are expanding rapidly and attracting investment.

Nearly half of all new installed power generation capacity in 2014 was in renewables—37 percent wind, a third solar and a quarter hydro, according to the IEA.

Investment in the sector totalled more than a quarter of a trillion dollars in the same year, an 8.5 percent increase over 2013.

"Capital markets have already begun to shift away from dirty technology to clean technology," Christina Figueres, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, told journalists Friday in releasing an analysis of national emissions-reduction pledges.

ENDNOTE:

But renewables only account for about 20 percent of global electricity generation, and three-quarters of that is hydro. Of total energy consumption -– overwhelmingly dominated by coal, oil and gas –- less than five percent comes from clean technology, excluding nuclear.

The transition towards a low-carbon economy is also hampered by fossil fuel subsidies totalling more than half-a-trillion dollars every year, four times the amount allocated for renewables.

Experts say, the Paris climate summit, which starts at the end of this month, is so crucial.

"COP21" -– the Paris climate summit -–STILL "needs to give a global and long-term signal to the world economy that is relevant to investors," said Martin Kaiser, a climate analyst from Greenpeace.

Read the full article in PhyOrg 






refs:
Read more on Phys Org

'via Blog this'

Link_Wind power in Scotland - environment - From The New Scientist motivated arguably by "The Scots Independent Spirit and Renewable Energy Ambitions"

"Scotland is arguably one of the greenest countries in Europe.(notice the nuance) It produces 40 per cent of Scottish electricity demand from renewable sources, and models suggest this could rise to 67 per cent by 2018. That's closing in on the government's goal of producing enough green power to supply the equivalent of all of Scottish demand by 2020.

LINK
Wind power in Scotland - environment - From The New Scientist motivated arguably by "The Scots Independent Spirit and Renewable Energy Ambitions"

Conversations-on-Innovations: Innovation union-A Free well illustrated pocket guide on Innovation & Growth_A Europe 2020 initiative

Conversations-on-Innovations: Innovation union-A Free well illustrated pocket guide on Innovation & Growth_A Europe 2020 initiative: Innovation union-A Free well illustrated pocket guide on Innovation & Growth_A Europe 2020 initiative

Unreliable research_Scientists like to think of science as self-correcting. To an alarming degree, it is not ref Trouble at the lab | The Economist

Unreliable research: Trouble at the lab | The Economist

BAN KI-MOON, Secretary-General of the United Nations since 2007 make the case for A Global Strategy for Disaster Risk.

"SENDAI – Current disaster-risk levels are alarming. The cost of damage to commercial and residential buildings worldwide is averaging $314 billion each year, with the private sector bearing as much as 85% of that price tag. At the same time, a new United Nations report shows that annual investments in disaster-risk reduction of $6 billion can result in savings of up to $360 billion.

Hundreds of business executives, aware of the dramatic costs – and potential benefits – at stake, are now preparing to attend a UN conference on disaster-risk reduction in Sendai, Japan. A decade ago, when the last such gathering was held, the private sector was scarcely represented. This time, companies and entrepreneurs will be there in full force to explore a range of valuable opportunities."

Read more... 

I did believe I had introduced readers to the brilliant site "PROJECT SYNDICATE" arguably the most general World  Thought Leader and the articles are free and available in most languages! The work published is often reproduces by the leading daily journals. Indeed my reminder came from "Le Monde" 19 March 2015 in french.

I ran a search on my blog and found no references returned. Many many appologies to all and in particular many many thanks to Project Syndicate and it's COLUMNISTS.

Contrasting responses of Central Asian rock glaciers to global warming : Scientific Reports : Nature Publishing Group

Contrasting responses of Central Asian rock glaciers to global warming : Scientific Reports : Nature Publishing Group:



'via Blog this'